Improvement in pyrometers



w. H. BAILEY.

Pyrpmeter. Patented Feb. 28, 1871.

NZPETERS, FKOTO'LITHOGRAPHER. WASHINGTON, D C,

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Letters Patent No. 112,106, dated February 28, 1871.

IMPROVEMENT IN PVROMETERS.

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, WILLIAM HENRY BAILEY, of

--the Albion Works, Salford, in the county of Lancaster, Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Pyrometers; and I do hereby declare the following to be a'full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawing and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

My invention refers to that class of pyrometers in which rods or tubes'of' different substances, which expandunequally-are used to indicate. high temperatures; and

The improvements relate to obviating the breakage 'which'often occurs by using rods of earthenware or other brittle material which does not readily expand,

and consists in substituting short lengths of such material, protected by an outer tube of metal.

In,order to enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will now proceed to describe its construction and operation.

. On reference to the accompanying drawing which 7 forms apart of this specification- Figure 1 is a side sectional view of a pyrometer which is suitable for indicating the temperature of furnaces, ovens, fines, molten metal, or any high temperature, such pyrometer having my improvements applied to it.

Figure 2 is an end view of fig. 1, shown half in sec- .tion.

Figure 3 is a sectional plan of fig. 1 through the line a b.

Figure ,4 is a front view of the dial-case appertaining to fig. 1', and

Figure 5 is a view of the same having the dial-plate and index-finger removed.

Figure 6 is a front view, partly in section, anu

plate E and indicating mechanism.

.By preference, short lengths of porcelain or earthenware F are inserted in the tube A, and the upper most piece of such porcelain orearthenware is in contact with the lower end of the spindle G, which is kept up to its position by the pressure of the spiral springs H placed upon the guide-rods I.

J is a quadrant-lever, working upon the fixed stud K, and provided with teeth L upon its side or edge, gearing into the toothed pinion M upon the axis or spindle of which the hand or index-fingerN is aifixed, for indicating upon the dial-plate E. This quadrantlever is kept in position by the spiral hair-spring J,

and is connected by the link 0 to the spindle G by means of the adjustable plate 1, which-actually forms the short arm of such quadrantlever," being screwed upon it, but made adjustable by means ot'the setvscrew Q passing through the-slot B, so as to regulate the length of such short arnrto the greatest nicety, and thereby, also regulate the distance through which the teeth of the quadrant pass.

The flange of the box 0 has a. slot, S, formed through it, through which slot a stud or set-screw, T, is screwed into the flange of the-socket B,,s0 that it the't-u-be A permanently expands, the case D, containing the dialplate, may he turned bodily around, or screwed further into the socket B, the index-finger, meanwhile, retaining its exact original position withreg ml to the tube A, and thus the dial-plate is moved round until the index-finger N points to the zeroor first figure of the gla-duations, when the dial-case may be fixed in that position by means of tightening the set-screw T, without taking the instrument in pieces to make such adjustment.

' It is not really necessary thatflanges need be-used for'makiug the requisite adjustments in consequence of permanent expansion in the materials employed in the construction. of pyrometers, as a slot inight be formed through the socket side and a screw passed through it into the tail-end of the box(), as seen dot ted in fig. 2, and marked S.

The methodor manner of using, and the action of this instrument, may be thus described.

he tube A is placed in the oven or other vessel of which it is desired to ascertain the temperature, when the action of the heat causes such tube to expand, whilt the earthenware rod F remaiusabont the same length, the pressure of the springs H, meanwhile, causing the spindle G to still keep up the contact with the earthenware rod F, and consqeuently drawing down the link 0, which in its turn moves the quadrant levcr J in the direction of the dotted lilies, thus turning the pinion and index-finger N, and thereby indicating onthe graduated dial-plate E the degree of ex pansiouof the tube A, or the temperature to which it has been subjected.

It is preferred to have the porcelain or earthenware in short lengths, as if used in a single rod it is liable to crack'and fall to pieces,-especially when high temperatures have to be gauged, or when carried about from place to place. i

The tube A is formed of brass, to indicate up to 1,000 Fahrenheit, and of iron whenus'ed to indicate above that temperature and when used to indicate the temperature of acids, such tube should either be-= coated with some enamel which will resist theact-ion of the acids, or the outer tube maybe formed of porcelain 0r earthenware, or other suitable acid-resisting substance, having a metallic rod inserted within such that the. dial of the pyrometer should be in a conspic-T uous position. -In order to meet thisdifiiculty I apply to the pyrometer what I call a blind dial, that is to say, adial which is not graduated and marked in the ordinary manner, but hassigns or characters instead, such as A B O D E, which form a scale ot'tempyrometers but peraturesunderstood by'the persons interested, but

not to an onlooker.

Ldo not desire toelaim the use of any materials or metals which expand unequally in the construction of Icla'nn as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1, The combination of the tube containing the porcelain sections F, and the case containing the registering mechanism, when the said case is adjustable on the tube, as and for the purpose described.

2. Using short lengths of porcelain,- earthenware, or other suitable material, in the construction ofpyrom eters, which are not liable to break in pieces when subjected to a high temperature, or broken in carriage.

In witness whereof I have'signed my name to this specification in the presence of twosubscribing witnesses.

' WILLIAM HENRY BAILEY.

Witnesses:

J OHN GUY WILSON, JAMES ASHMAN. 

